Difference between revisions of "Debian Lenny on LS-WXL"
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This guide will explain how to install Debian GNU/Linux "Lenny" on the LinkStation™ Duo LS-WXL using the Debian "debootstrap" procedure. The original kernel will be preserved, as well as the original bootloader (U-Boot). | This guide will explain how to install Debian GNU/Linux "Lenny" on the LinkStation™ Duo LS-WXL using the Debian "debootstrap" procedure. The original kernel will be preserved, as well as the original bootloader (U-Boot). | ||
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+ | Note that there's also a page on setting up Debian Squeeze that may be derived from this one: [[Debian Squeeze on LS-WXL]] | ||
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+ | For Debian Squeeze on the LS-CHLv2 see [[Debian Squeeze on LS-CHLv2]], which is largely based on this document and [[Debian_Squeeze_on_'V'_and_'X'_Series_(LS-WXL_and_others)]] | ||
Basic idea: | Basic idea: |
Revision as of 11:42, 16 January 2012
This guide will explain how to install Debian GNU/Linux "Lenny" on the LinkStation™ Duo LS-WXL using the Debian "debootstrap" procedure. The original kernel will be preserved, as well as the original bootloader (U-Boot).
Note that there's also a page on setting up Debian Squeeze that may be derived from this one: Debian Squeeze on LS-WXL
For Debian Squeeze on the LS-CHLv2 see Debian Squeeze on LS-CHLv2, which is largely based on this document and Debian_Squeeze_on_'V'_and_'X'_Series_(LS-WXL_and_others)
Basic idea:
- create a Debian system with debootstrap
- use the data partition as a temporary root
- replace the old filesystem with the new one
This guide will ask you to reformat partitions, delete existing data, etc. All of these actions may void your warranty, destroy your data, etc. In general you can receive help from the community or from the Buffalo forums but bear in mind that every problem you may encounter is ultimately up to you to solve. You do it at your own risk.
This guide is based on the procedure for installing Debian on LS-CHLv2 and was developed using the LS-WXL/E version. This guide should also work for the LS-WXL/R1 variants.
This guide suggests to install blstools, a small set of utilities developed for this hardware to enable some operations which would not be possible from a plain Debian install:
- turn the unit off from the on-off-auto switch
- turn unit blinking LEDs to still blue when boot is complete
- resume blinking when the unit is shutting down
- use the USB port
Please note that the Armel Debian "micro_evtd" package will NOT work on LS-WXL because of different hardware.
Contents
Preliminary steps
Obtain root access to the linkstation
You are supposed to start from an "open" Stock Firmware, that is stock software that you can telnet to,
Follow this guide to get telnet root console access to the LS.
Follow this guide to SSH as root to the LS.
Backup the LS
If you have any important data on the LS you definitely need to make a backup.
Even if you don't, you'd better take a snapshot of the vital disk partitions (first and second partition). So you will be able to easily revert to the original stock distribution. [forum post] explains how to do it.
Prepare a Debian Lenny root filesystem
Debootstrap
This is derived from original debootstrap docs.
From the linkstation console download the Debian debootstrap utility and install it with dpkg:
wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/d/debootstrap/debootstrap_1.0.10lenny1_all.deb dpkg -i debootstrap_1.0.10lenny1_all.deb
dpkg will complain of missing dependencies. Ignore it.
Note that for firmware 1.22 (and possibly others) Busybox isn't linked to ar so the debootstrap step below will fail.
which ar >/dev/null || ln -s /bin/busybox /usr/bin/ar # fix ar link mkdir debian-armel-rootfs debootstrap --verbose --arch armel lenny debian-armel-rootfs http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian
This step WILL take time. At the end you should get the following message:
I: Base system installed successfully.
Completing the debootstrap and preparing the rootfs
Most commands will be run in the chrooted environment of the newly created Debian Lenny install. In order to enter the chroot type
LANG=C chroot debian-armel-rootfs/ /bin/bash
to leave type exit.
Copy kernel modules from stock kernel
Kernel modules reside in /lib/modules/<kernel version>. Here we are using the stock kernel so we must copy them from the stock initrd to the new rootfs. This must be done from within a chrooted environment in the new system - won't work with stock software.
cp /boot/initrd.buffalo debian-armel-rootfs/tmp/ LANG=C chroot debian-armel-rootfs/ /bin/bash cd /tmp dd if=initrd.buffalo of=initrd.gz ibs=64 skip=1 gunzip initrd.gz mkdir INITRD mount -t ext2 -o loop initrd INITRD cp -R INITRD/lib/modules/* /lib/modules/ umount INITRD rmdir INITRD rm initrd*
Adding missing devices
Still in the chrooted environment.
Mount the proc filesystem - it can be mounted a number of times - and run the command to create device nodes in /dev (TODO: investigate dynamic devices with udev?):
mount -t proc proc /proc cd /dev MAKEDEV generic umount /proc
This will also take some time while all device nodes are created.
Apt setup
Apt will complain about packages without verification if this step is not performed.
Edit /etc/apt/sources.list, use the appropriate debian mirror
# Debian packages for lenny deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian lenny main # Uncomment the deb-src line if you want 'apt-get source' # to work with most packages. # deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian lenny main deb http://security.debian.org/ lenny/updates main contrib # deb-src http://security.debian.org/ lenny/updates main contrib deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile lenny/volatile main contrib # deb-src http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile lenny/volatile main contrib
Perform an update
apt-get update
The final upgrade step can be performed later once the installation is finished.
Install mdadm
ln -s /sbin/MAKEDEV /dev # mdadm install expects to see this apt-get --no-install-recommends install mdadm
Ignore the "(failed to load MD subsystem)" error.
Update mdadm.conf:
exit # exit from chroot cp /etc/mdadm.conf debian-armel-rootfs/etc/mdadm/ LANG=C chroot debian-armel-rootfs/ /bin/bash # back again
Configuring locale
Install and configure the locales. Suggestion is to install at least the en_US.UTF-8 and your native language locale (e.g. it_IT.UTF-8, de_DE.UTF-8, etc).
apt-get install locales dpkg-reconfigure locales
Editing /etc/fstab
Create /etc/fstab:
cat >/etc/fstab <<EOF # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # file system mount point type options dump pass /dev/md2 / xfs defaults,noatime 0 1 /dev/md0 /boot ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2 /dev/md10 none swap sw 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 EOF
Partition /dev/md2 contains the shared directory which will be used as a temporary root before the final installation. Make sure that a backup of this partition is made if it contains important data.
If the LS has only a single drive attached, change /dev/md2 to either /dev/sda6 or /dev/sdb6 depending on which slot the drive is inserted.
Network
Edit /etc/network/interfaces to match your LAN configuration. My LS gets all information from DHCP:
# Used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8). See the interfaces(5) manpage or # /usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples for more information. # We always want the loopback interface. auto lo iface lo inet loopback
# DHCP for Ethernet connection auto eth1 iface eth1 inet dhcp
# Example static IP setup: (broadcast and gateway are optional) # auto eth1 # iface eth1 inet static # address 192.168.0.42 # network 192.168.0.0 # netmask 255.255.255.0 # broadcast 192.168.0.255 # gateway 192.168.0.1
Create /etc/hosts
cat >/etc/hosts <<EOF 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost EOF
Create /etc/hostname:
cat >/etc/hostname <<EOF <your hostname> EOF
Replace <your hostname> with a sensible name.
Install SSHD
apt-get install openssh-server passwd root
Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config and make sure that the following line is present and uncommented:
PermitRootLogin yes
Prepare the rootfs archive
Clean up the installation, leave the chrooted environment and tar it up:
aptitude clean exit tar zcvf lenny-armel-rootfs.tgz -C debian-armel-rootfs .
Now you have a complete rootfs for Debian Lenny armel.
Installation
We will reuse the existing root partition to store the debian rootfs. The data partition will be used as a temporary root so that this installation will be performed right on the LS itself. It is necessary to have a backup of the data partition if it contains important stuff.
If you want to change the RAID type for the data partition, it is better to use the web interface before switching to the full Debian setup.
Create an initrd
An initrd is necessary to boot debian using a raid partition.
We need busybox to create a minimal initrd. Note that we need to go back to the chrooted environment.
chroot debian-armel-rootfs/ /bin/bash apt-get install busybox
Install uboot files:
apt-get install uboot-mkimage
Create and mount an ext2 image file:
cd /tmp dd if=/dev/zero of=initrd bs=1k count=0 seek=3K mke2fs -F -m 0 -b 1024 initrd tune2fs -c0 -i0 initrd mkdir INITRD mount -o loop initrd INITRD
Might you want to create a bigger initrd, the max size of the uncompressed initrd is 8388544 bytes.
Create directory structure and the device nodes:
mkdir -p INITRD/{bin,lib,dev,etc/mdadm,proc,sbin} cp -a /dev/{null,console,tty,sd{a,b,c,d}?,md*} INITRD/dev/
Copy busybox, mdadm and their dependencies:
cp /bin/busybox INITRD/bin/ cp /sbin/mdadm INITRD/sbin cp /lib/{libm.so.6,libc.so.6,libgcc_s.so.1,ld-linux.so.3} INITRD/lib
The dependencies can be determined using the commands:
ldd /bin/busybox ldd /sbin/mdadm
Create a linuxrc:
cat > INITRD/linuxrc <<EOF #!/bin/busybox sh # Mount the /proc and /sys filesystems. mount -t proc none /proc mount -t sysfs none /sys echo 'DEVICE /dev/sd??*' > /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf mdadm -Eb /dev/sd??* >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf mdadm -As --force # use /dev/md1 as root # echo "0x901" > /proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev # use /dev/md2 as root echo "0x902" > /proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev # use /dev/sda6 as root # echo "0x806" > /proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev # use /dev/sdb6 as root # echo "0x822" > /proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev # Clean up. umount /proc umount /sys EOF chmod +x INITRD/linuxrc
Uncomment the relevant line if you use a different temporary root partition.
Generate an initrd for temporary root partition:
umount INITRD gzip initrd mkimage -A arm -O linux -T ramdisk -C gzip -a 0x0 -e 0x0 -n initrd -d initrd.gz initrd.buffalo
Next we need to create another initrd for the final installation:
gunzip initrd.gz mount -o loop initrd INITRD
Edit linuxrc to use /dev/MD1 as root:
# use /dev/md1 as root echo "0x901" > /proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev
Or change it to whatever partition you may want later.
umount INITRD gzip initrd mkimage -A arm -O linux -T ramdisk -C gzip -a 0x0 -e 0x0 -n initrd -d initrd.gz initrd.buffalo.final rmdir INITRD
Copy initrd:
exit mv /boot/initrd.buffalo /boot/initrd.buffalo.old cp debian-armel-rootfs/tmp/initrd.buffalo* /boot/
Installing the Debian rootfs
This will be a two step process. We first boot debian using a temporary rootfs and then transfer it to it final partition.
If you are using two hard disks, /dev/md2 will be the temporary partition and /dev/md1 will be the final destination. If you are using a single drive, then /dev/sda6 or /dev/sdb6 will be the temporary partition.
Install rootfs in temporary partition
Untar the rootfs and copy the backup:
tar xvzf lenny-armel-rootfs.tgz -C /mnt/array1/ cp lenny-armel-rootfs.tgz /mnt/array1/
Use /mnt/disk1 or /mnt/disk2 instead of /mnt/array1 if you are using a single drive.
Reboot and pray that it works. :)
reboot
After rebooting, login to the new system.
Install rootfs in /dev/md1
Format /dev/md1, use whatever filesystem that you prefer:
mkfs.ext3 /dev/md1 tune2fs -c0 -i0 /dev/md1
Mount it under /mnt and extract the rootfs:
mount /dev/md1 /mnt tar xvzf /lenny-armel-rootfs.tgz -C /mnt cp /lenny-armel-rootfs.tgz /mnt/root # make a copy
Edit /mnt/etc/fstab to reflect the changes:
# /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # file system mount point type options dump pass /dev/md1 / ext3 defaults,noatime 0 1 /dev/md0 /boot ext3 ro,nosuid,nodev 0 2 /dev/md10 none swap sw 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
Use the correct initrd:
cd /boot mv initrd.buffalo initrd.buffalo.initial cp initrd.buffalo.final initrd.buffalo
Note: make sure the /boot is mounted! You may have to manually mount it to complete the above step.
Reboot and pray that it works. :)
reboot
Post-installation setup
Setup data partition
The existing data partition can be mounted on the home directory as-is without formatting but the rootfs files must be manually deleted.
The other approach is to start clean and format it. Note that the EXT3 was chosen as the filesystem for the data partition.
Replace /dev/md2 with either /dev/sda6 or /dev/sdb6 if you are using a single drive.
Format:
mkfs.ext3 -m0 /dev/md2 tune2fs -c0 -i0 /dev/md2
Update /etc/fstab:
# /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # file system mount point type options dump pass /dev/md1 / ext3 defaults,noatime 0 1 /dev/md2 /home ext3 defaults,noatime 0 2 /dev/md0 /boot ext3 ro,nosuid,nodev 0 2 /dev/md10 none swap sw 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
Mount /home
mount /home
Add user
Issue the following command
adduser <username>
Configuring timezone
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
Useful packages
Anyone would need these:
apt-get install sudo less usbutils bzip2 mc linuxlogo psmisc
NTP
Ntpd ensures that your Linkstation clock stays in sync with global time servers.
apt-get install ntp
blstools
As told above, blstools are a set of utilities which enable LS-CHL/XHL/WXL hardware-specific features otherwise unavailable from a plain Debian Lenny installation.
In order to install the latest blstools, smartmontools is required:
apt-get install smartmontools
Download the package from the blstools project page
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/blstools/releases/blstools-0.2.0.tar.gz tar zxf blstools-0.2.0.tar.gz cd blstools-0.2.0 ./install.sh /etc/init.d/lsmonitor start
The following features are installed:
lsmonitor (/etc/init.d/lsmonitor)
This is a daemon that is automatically started when the system boots. You don't need to call it directly.
lsmonitor stops the blue led from flashing and provides a reassuring, still blue light. Also, when you move the switch in "off" position lsmonitor initiates system shutdown (which is nice isn't it?)
usb (/etc/init.d/usb)
Powers on and off the USB interface.
When you want to connect a USB disk to the Linkstation you should first call:
sudo /etc/init.d/usb start
and then you will be able to mount the USB drive to the desired location (generally, the device will be /dev/sdb1). Once done, in order to save power you can unmount the mounted volume and issue:
sudo /etc/init.d/usb stop
to disable the USB device.
NFS kernel
Note: Some export problems were encountered using this kernel. Compiling a Debian kernel is the preferred approach.
The kernel provided on this page can also be used for LS-WXL.
Download and extract kernel and modules:
wget http://downloads.buffalo.nas-central.org/Users/kenatonline/NFSKernel/nfs-kernel-feroceon-kw.tgz tar xzf nfs-kernel-feroceon-kw.tgz boot lib
Install and reboot:
mount -o remount,rw /boot mv /boot/uImage.buffalo /boot/uImage.buffalo.old cp boot/uImage.buffalo /boot/ cp -a lib/modules/2.6.22.18kenatonline /lib/modules/ reboot
Install nfs
apt-get install nfs-kernel-server nfs-common portmap
Check if server is running:
/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server status
Webmin
wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/webadmin/webmin_1.510-2_all.deb apt-get install libnet-ssleay-perl openssl libauthen-pam-perl libio-pty-perl apt-show-versions libapt-pkg-perl dpkg -i webmin_1.510-2_all.deb
For more information, please refers to Webmin to remotely administer your LinkStation
Building the Debian kernel
Caution: Make sure that you have physical access to the drives and a linux box just in case you messed up with the the kernel configuration. At the moment, there is no known way of gaining root access when the device is in EM mode.
The kernel can be natively compiled or cross compiled using an external Debian PC.
Requisites
Install the following packages under root:
apt-get install build-essential fakeroot uboot-mkimage debhelper python libncurses5-dev
Update /etc/apt/sources.list to be able to download the Squeeze kernel sources:
echo deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian squeeze main >> /etc/apt/sources.list apt-get update
Install the kernel sources (this command can be run as a normal user)
apt-get -t squeeze source linux-2.6
Download the patch and sample config file (for linux-2.6-2.6.32-30):
wget http://pastebin.com/download.php?i=vFRr3zAX -O patch.lswxl wget http://pastebin.com/download.php?i=2R6sJ0ZX -O config.lswxl
Native compilation
cd linux-2.6-2.6.32 make -f debian/rules source cd debian/build/source_armel_none/
apply the necesary patches, but review them before you apply them, as the kernel patches changes every week
patch -Np1 -i ~/patch.lswxl
cp ~/config.lswxl .config make uImage modules cp arch/arm/boot/uImage uImage.buffalo.debian make modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=./modules
On my LS, the compilation took around 1.5 hrs.
Cross compilation
cd linux-2.6-2.6.32 make -f debian/rules.gen source_armel_none
apply the necesary patches, but review them before you apply them, as the kernel patches changes every week
patch -Np1 -i ~/patch.lswxl
cd debian/build/source_armel_none/ patch -Np1 -i ../../../../patch.lswxl cp ../../../../config.lswxl .config make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- uImage modules mv arch/arm/boot/uImage uImage.buffalo.debian make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=./modules
Installation
Get yourself root access, and get write access to the boot fs
su mount -o remount,rw /boot
If blstools is installed, this program must first be disabled or removed. Otherwise, the system will just automatically reboot.
chmod a-x /etc/init.d/lsmonitor
Copy the kernel to the boot directory, create a backup of the old version:
mv /boot/uImage.buffalo /boot/uImage.buffalo.old cp uImage.buffalo.debian /boot/uImage.buffalo
Copy the modules:
cp -a modules/lib/modules/2.6.32 /lib/modules
make the correct realtime clock device, with this kernel settings it is:
mknod /dev/rtc c 254 0
Reboot and enjoy your new kernel.
blstools Replacement
This is the replacement lsmonitor script. This uses the sysfs GPIO interface instead of the buffalo specific proc interface. Also this script monitors the temperature of both drives.
References
- http://www.kolios.dk/2009/09/07/howto-install-a-debian-from-scratch-on-a-buffalo-terastation-duo-2/
- http://www.cyrius.com/debian/orion/buffalo/kuroboxpro/recovery.html
- http://buffalo.nas-central.org/index.php/Open_Stock_Firmware
- http://buffalo.nas-central.org/wiki/FreeLink_for_the_Kurobox_Pro_-_Automatic_Install
- http://forum.buffalo.nas-central.org/viewtopic.php?f=39&t=13551
- http://en.gentoo-wiki.com/wiki/Initramfs