Install Debian 5.0 (Lenny) On Buffalo Linkstation Mini
From NAS-Central Buffalo - The Linkstation Wiki
Revision as of 22:03, 15 July 2010 by Rpinchbeck (Talk | contribs)
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Contents |
Prerequisites
- Buffalo LinkStation Mini using stock firmware
- This process was tested with model LS-WS1.0TGL/R1, but other models may work as well
- If your device has already been modified to run another operating system and/or firmware, see Revert Buffalo Linkstation Mini To Stock Firmware
- Computer which can boot ubuntu 9.04 successfully (most modern computers meet this requirement).
- Ubuntu 9.04 Desktop Edition CD-ROM (download and burn from http://releases.ubuntu.com/jaunty/ubuntu-9.04-desktop-i386.iso)
Overview
- Use ACP Commander to establish Telnet session with device.
- Uncouple secondary drive partitions from existing RAID configuration
- Partition and format secondary drive, install Debian 5.0, and prepare for initial boot.
- Reboot device, establish SSH session with device, and complete installation.
Prepare Device
Note: Do not attempt to execute the following commands as a single script. Instead, copy and paste each block of commands into a shell window and monitor the resulting output for errors.
- Disconnect power cable from device
- Move device switch to "on" position
- Connect network cable to device (Linkstation Mini)
- Connect power cable to device
- Wait for device to finish booting (no blinking lights)
- Open device web interface (factory default address is http://192.168.11.150, DHCP network users should check their DHCP client list)
- Remove existing RAID configuration (Disk Management | RAID Setup | RAID Array 1 | Change RAID Array ...)
- Create new RAID1 (mirroring) array (Disk Management | RAID Setup | RAID Array 1 ...) You may proceed immediately after the array has been created (you do not need to wait for the drive check to complete).'
- Boot Ubuntu 9.04 Desktop CD on computer
- Specify language (English)
- Enter live mode ("Try Ubuntu without any change to your computer")
- Open a new terminal window (Applications | Accessories | Terminal )
- Start a new bash shell with root privileges
sudo bash
- Install GNU Java package
apt-get update apt-get -q -y install gij
- Download ACP Commander software (acp_commander.jar)
wget http://downloads.nas-central.org/TOOLS/ALL_LS_KB_ARM9/ACP_COMMANDER/acp_commander.jar
- Determine IP address of device and assign it to environment variable (substitute appropriate IP address)
export IP_ADDRESS=192.168.11.150
- Instruct device to enable telnet and remove root password
gij -jar acp_commander.jar -t ${IP_ADDRESS} -o - Establish Telnet session with device
telnet ${IP_ADDRESS} - Login as root (no password required)
- Set recent date and time (prevent error messages about file dates, format=MMDDhhnnYYYY)
date 071600002010
- Kill all unnecessary processes
kill -9 $(ps | grep -vE '\[.*\]|(init)|(syslogd)|(klogd)|(getty)|(telnetd)|(-sh)|(ps)|(VmSize)|(grep)|(kill)|(awk)' | awk '{print $1}') - Free secondary drive (/dev/sdb) partitions from RAID configuration
mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sdb1 mdadm --manage /dev/md1 --fail /dev/sdb2 mdadm --manage /dev/md10 --fail /dev/sdb5 mdadm --manage /dev/md2 --fail /dev/sdb6 mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sdb1 mdadm --manage /dev/md1 --remove /dev/sdb2 mdadm --manage /dev/md10 --remove /dev/sdb5 mdadm --manage /dev/md2 --remove /dev/sdb6
- Make sure secondary drive is not in use
if hdparm -z /dev/sdb ; then echo; echo "SECONDARY DRIVE READY (/dev/sdb)"; echo; else grep sdb /proc/mounts /proc/mdstat; echo "Please check that /dev/sdb is not in use"; fi;
- Remove existing superblocks (if any) from secondary drive (ignore any errors)
mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdb mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdb1 mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdb2 mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdb3 mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdb4 mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdb5 mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdb6
WARNING! The following commands will likely void the warranty on your LinkStation Mini by removing all existing partitions on the secondary drive (/dev/sdb). It is recommended that you backup your existing partitions before executing these commands. Proceed at your own risk.
The following commands will delete all existing partitions on the secondary drive and reconfigure it as follows...
Partition Mount Size Type Description 1 /boot 128MB fd linux raid autodetect 2 swap 256MB 82 linux swap 3 / (root) 12GB fd linux raid autodetect 4 /srv 100% fd linux raid autodetect - Repartition secondary drive (substitute partition sizes as desired)
PARTITION1_SIZE=128MB PARTITION2_SIZE=256MB PARTITION3_SIZE=12GB echo -e "d\n1\nd\n2\nd\n3\nd\n4\nn\np\n1\n\n+${PARTITION1_SIZE}\nn\np\n2\n\n+${PARTITION2_SIZE}\nn\np\n3\n\n+${PARTITION3_SIZE}\nn\np\n\n\nt\n1\nfd\nt\n2\n82\nt\n3\nfd\nt\n4\nfd\nw\n" | fdisk /dev/sdb - Create and activate swap partition
mkswap /dev/sdb2 swapon /dev/sdb2
- Create RAID volumes
echo "y" | mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md11 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 missing /dev/sdb1 echo "y" | mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md13 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 missing /dev/sdb3 echo "y" | mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md14 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 missing /dev/sdb4
- Format RAID volumes
mkfs.ext3 -F /dev/md11 mkfs.ext3 -F /dev/md13 mkfs.ext3 -F /dev/md14
- Mount RAID volumes
mkdir -p /mnt/lsmini mkdir -p /mnt/lsmini/boot mkdir -p /mnt/lsmini/srv mount -t ext3 /dev/md13 /mnt/lsmini mount -t ext3 /dev/md11 /mnt/lsmini/boot mount -t ext3 /dev/md14 /mnt/lsmini/srv
Install Debian System
- Install root filesystem (from archive of debootstrap stage 2 files)
cd /mnt/lsmini wget http://downloads.buffalo.nas-central.org/Users/rpinchbeck/lsmini/debian/5.0/bootstrap-debian-5.0.5-armel-stage2.tar.gz tar --extract --verbose --same-permissions --gzip --file /mnt/lsmini/bootstrap-debian-5.0.5-armel-stage2.tar.gz
- Install custom kernel (Debian 5.0 backported kernel 2.6.32-15)
cd /mnt/lsmini wget http://downloads.buffalo.nas-central.org/Users/rpinchbeck/lsmini/debian/5.0/kernel-2.6.32-15-debian-lsmini.tar.gz tar --extract --verbose --same-permissions --gzip --file kernel-2.6.32-15-debian-lsmini.tar.gz
- Install custom boot loader (force boot from /dev/md13)
cd /mnt/lsmini wget http://downloads.buffalo.nas-central.org/Users/rpinchbeck/lsmini/initrd-md13-armv5tejl-softfloat-1.0.tar.gz tar --extract --verbose --same-permissions --gzip --file /mnt/lsmini/initrd-md13-armv5tejl-softfloat-1.0.tar.gz
- Prepare host settings (adjust host name and IP addresses as needed)
export HOST_NAME=lsmini export HOST_ADDRESS=192.168.1.77 export HOST_NETMASK=255.255.0.0 export HOST_GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
- Configure network interfaces (/etc/network/interfaces)
echo "# Used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8). See the interfaces(5) manpage or" >/mnt/lsmini/etc/network/interfaces echo "# /usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples for more information." >>/mnt/lsmini/etc/network/interfaces echo "#" >>/mnt/lsmini/etc/network/interfaces echo "auto lo eth0" >>/mnt/lsmini/etc/network/interfaces echo "iface lo inet loopback" >>/mnt/lsmini/etc/network/interfaces echo "iface eth0 inet static" >>/mnt/lsmini/etc/network/interfaces echo " address ${HOST_ADDRESS}" >>/mnt/lsmini/etc/network/interfaces echo " netmask ${HOST_NETMASK}" >>/mnt/lsmini/etc/network/interfaces echo " gateway ${HOST_GATEWAY}" >>/mnt/lsmini/etc/network/interfaces - Configure host name (/etc/hostname)
echo "${HOST_NAME}" >/mnt/lsmini/etc/hostname - Configure host mappings (/etc/hosts)
echo "127.0.0.1 localhost" >/mnt/lsmini/etc/hosts echo "${HOST_ADDRESS} ${HOST_NAME}" >>/mnt/lsmini/etc/hosts - Configure mount points (/etc/fstab)
WARNING: Do not modify the last column... any value other than zero will cause the device to hang (at the console) on disk errors. Don't find out the hard way.
echo "/dev/sdb2 none swap sw,pri=1 0 0" >/mnt/lsmini/etc/fstab echo "/dev/md13 / ext3 noatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0" >>/mnt/lsmini/etc/fstab echo "/dev/md11 /boot ext3 noatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0" >>/mnt/lsmini/etc/fstab echo "/dev/md14 /srv ext3 noatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0" >>/mnt/lsmini/etc/fstab echo "shm /dev/shm tmpfs noatime,nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0" >>/mnt/lsmini/etc/fstab
- Configure network name resolution (/etc/resolv.conf)
cp -a /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/lsmini/etc/resolv.conf
- Change root password (new password = lsmini)
export SED_FILE='/mnt/lsmini/etc/shadow' export SED_SEARCH='^\s*root\:\*?\:' export SED_REPLACE='root:$6$bmlbpJYn$xAgZr6KxoRLjDcPZNDBcnMF52gZrU7xkib43LhSlAvzVS4OqmiHaxB0GInPtoaPQ2FguHQQuxM95cMfvUnYn31:' sed -r "s/${SED_SEARCH}/${SED_REPLACE}/" -i ${SED_FILE} - Prepare for reboot (Overwrite factory installed boot files with custom ones)
cd /mnt/lsmini rm -rf /boot/* cp -a /mnt/lsmini/boot/* /boot/
- Wait for RAID synchronization to complete
while egrep -iq '(recovery)|(resync)' /proc/mdstat; do clear cat /proc/mdstat sleep 1 done clear cat /proc/mdstat sync - Unmount RAID volumes
sync cd /mnt umount /mnt/lsmini/boot umount /mnt/lsmini/srv umount /mnt/lsmini sync
- Reboot device
reboot; logout
Configure Debian System
- Wait for device to finish booting (no blinking lights)
- Use SSH to login as root (password = lsmini)
ssh root@${IP_ADDRESS} - Change root password to something hard to guess
passwd root
- Configure package sources (/etc/apt/sources.list)
echo "deb http://ftp.debian.org lenny main contrib" >/etc/apt/sources.list echo "deb-src http://ftp.debian.org lenny main contrib" >>/etc/apt/sources.list echo "deb http://security.debian.org lenny/updates main contrib" >>/etc/apt/sources.list echo "deb-src http://security.debian.org lenny/updates main contrib" >>/etc/apt/sources.list
- Update package lists
apt-get update
- Install locales
umount /tmp # force /tmp to be on hard disk (this package requires more space than the device has in memory) apt-get -q -y install locales-all
- Select timezone
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
- Ensure that date and time are correct
date
- Create devices for primary and secondary drives
cd /dev MAKEDEV sda MAKEDEV sdb
- Install hdparm
apt-get -q -y install hdparm
- Make sure primary drive is not in use (/dev/sda)
if hdparm -z /dev/sda ; then echo; echo "PRIMARY DRIVE READY (/dev/sda)"; echo; else grep sda /proc/mounts /proc/mdstat; echo "Please check that /dev/sda is not in use"; fi;
- Repartition primary drive (must have same partition sizes as secondary drive)
PARTITION1_SIZE=128MB PARTITION2_SIZE=256MB PARTITION3_SIZE=12GB echo -e "d\n1\nd\n2\nd\n3\nd\n4\nn\np\n1\n\n+${PARTITION1_SIZE}\nn\np\n2\n\n+${PARTITION2_SIZE}\nn\np\n3\n\n+${PARTITION3_SIZE}\nn\np\n\n\nt\n1\nfd\nt\n2\n82\nt\n3\nfd\nt\n4\nfd\nw\n" | fdisk /dev/sda - Format and activate swap partition on primary drive
mkswap /dev/sda2 swapon /dev/sda2
- Automatically mount swap partition (by adding it to /etc/fstab)
echo "/dev/sda2 none swap sw,pri=2 0 0" >>/mnt/lsmini/etc/fstab
- Install mdadm package (for administering software RAID configuration). Ignore any "/dev/MAKEDEV not found" failure message -- it is a bug which does not affect this process.
export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get update apt-get -q -y install mdadm unset DEBIAN_FRONTEND
- Mount all automatic devices (listed in /etc/fstab)
mount -a
- Add primary drive partitions to RAID volumes (/dev/md11, /dev/md13, and /dev/md14)
echo "y" | mdadm --manage /dev/md11 --add /dev/sda1 echo "y" | mdadm --manage /dev/md13 --add /dev/sda3 echo "y" | mdadm --manage /dev/md14 --add /dev/sda4
- Install sudo package (for allowing users to obtain root privileges)
apt-get -q -y install sudo
- Add user (never login as root again, use sudo command instead)
export USER_NAME=visitor adduser ${USER_NAME} - Allow user to become super user (using sudo command)
echo "${USER_NAME} ALL=(ALL) ALL" >>/etc/sudoers - Wait for RAID synchronization to complete
while egrep -iq '(recovery)|(resync)' /proc/mdstat; do clear cat /proc/mdstat sleep 1 done clear cat /proc/mdstat sync - Restart device
reboot; logout;
Congatulations! You now have a working Debian 5.0 server running on a Buffalo Linkstation Mini.
See Also
References
